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1.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 79(10): 904-911, 2021 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34706021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The co-occurrence of chronic pain and sleep disturbance contribute to a significant functional and social impact in older adults. However, there are no validated instruments to measure sleep disturbance and pain in this population that could be used to screen or diagnose individuals or monitor treatment effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to develop and validate a brief, practical, and comprehensive tool to assess the impact of co-occurring pain and sleep disturbance in older adults. METHODS: Development and validation of a measurement tool for assessing pain and sleep in older adults consisting of seven items. RESULTS: We applied the "Sleep Assessment Instrument for Pain in older adults" (SAIOAP) in a sample of 100 older individuals. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.602 indicated a moderate level of reliability, and item-total correlations of ≥0.4 for all items indicated good homogeneity. There were statistically significant correlations between the SAIOAP and sleep quality (PSQI, r=61.5), pain intensity (VNS, r=30.5), the multidimensional impacts of pain (GPM, r=40.5), depression (GEAP, r=45.5), comorbidity (r=27.9), and medication use (r=30.4). A ROC curve indicated a sensitivity of 73.2% and a specificity of 79.1% in relation to the prediction of sleep disturbances associated with pain in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: The SAIOAP presented adequate metric properties and was demonstrated to be a simple and practical tool for the assessment of the impact of pain on sleep in older adults.


Subject(s)
Chronic Pain , Aged , Chronic Pain/diagnosis , Humans , Pain Measurement , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Sleep , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 79(10): 904-911, Oct. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345312

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The co-occurrence of chronic pain and sleep disturbance contribute to a significant functional and social impact in older adults. However, there are no validated instruments to measure sleep disturbance and pain in this population that could be used to screen or diagnose individuals or monitor treatment effectiveness. Objective: Our aim was to develop and validate a brief, practical, and comprehensive tool to assess the impact of co-occurring pain and sleep disturbance in older adults. Methods: Development and validation of a measurement tool for assessing pain and sleep in older adults consisting of seven items. Results: We applied the "Sleep Assessment Instrument for Pain in older adults" (SAIOAP) in a sample of 100 older individuals. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.602 indicated a moderate level of reliability, and item-total correlations of ≥0.4 for all items indicated good homogeneity. There were statistically significant correlations between the SAIOAP and sleep quality (PSQI, r=61.5), pain intensity (VNS, r=30.5), the multidimensional impacts of pain (GPM, r=40.5), depression (GEAP, r=45.5), comorbidity (r=27.9), and medication use (r=30.4). A ROC curve indicated a sensitivity of 73.2% and a specificity of 79.1% in relation to the prediction of sleep disturbances associated with pain in older adults. Conclusions: The SAIOAP presented adequate metric properties and was demonstrated to be a simple and practical tool for the assessment of the impact of pain on sleep in older adults.


RESUMO Introdução: A co-ocorrência de dor crônica e de distúrbios do sono contribuem para um impacto funcional e social negativo em idosos. Porém, o binômio dor-sono não foi explorado em relação a questionários para idosos, a fim de auxiliar na triagem, no diagnóstico ou no monitoramento da eficácia do tratamento médico. Objetivo: Desenvolver e validar um instrumento breve, prático e abrangente para avaliar a concorrência de condições álgicas crônicas e distúrbios de sono em idosos. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e qualitativo de metodologia de desenvolvimento e validação de instrumento de medida para avaliação de dor e sono em idosos, composto por sete itens. Após a fundamentação teórica, desenvolveram-se os itens do instrumento, seguidos de um estudo quantitativo (validação), em que testamos pacientes idosos com dor crônica. Resultados: Aplicou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação de Sono para Dor em Idosos (IASID) a uma amostra de 100 idosos. Alcançou-se o alfa de Cronbach (0,602) de boa homogeneidade por correlação item-total (≥0,4). Encontramos correlações estatisticamente significativas entre o IASID e a qualidade do sono (PSQI, r=61,5%); a intensidade da dor (NVS, r=30,5%); seus impactos (GPM, r=40,5); depressão (GEAP, r=45,5%); comorbidades (r=27,9) e uso de medicamentos (r=30,4). A curva ROC apontou sensibilidade de 73,2% e especificidade de 79,1% para predição de distúrbios do sono associados à dor crônica em idosos. Conclusões: O IASID apresentou propriedades métricas adequadas e demonstrou ser uma ferramenta simples e prática para a avaliação do impacto da dor no sono em idosos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Chronic Pain/diagnosis , Psychometrics , Sleep , Pain Measurement , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results
3.
J Am Geriatr Soc ; 60(10): 1946-50, 2012 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23036106

ABSTRACT

A challenging aspect of geriatric practice is that it often requires decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. The Script Concordance Test (SCT) is an assessment tool designed to measure clinical data interpretation, an important element of clinical reasoning under uncertainty. The purpose of this study was to develop and analyze the validity of results of an SCT administered to undergraduate students in geriatric medicine. An SCT consisting of 13 cases and 104 items covering a spectrum of common geriatric problems was designed and administered to 41 undergraduate medical students at a medical school in São Paulo, Brazil. A reference panel of 21 practicing geriatricians contributed to the test's score key. The responses were analyzed, and the psychometric properties of the tool were investigated. The test's internal consistency and discriminative capacity to distinguish students from experienced geriatricians supported construct validity. The Cronbach alpha for the test was 0.84, and mean scores for the experts were found to be significantly higher than those of the students (80.0 and 70.7, respectively; P < .001). This study demonstrated robust evidence of reliability and validity of an SCT developed for use in geriatric medicine for assessing clinical reasoning skills under conditions of uncertainty in undergraduate medical students. These findings will be of interest to those involved in assessing clinical competence in geriatrics and will have important potential application in medical school examinations.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Educational Measurement/methods , Geriatrics/education , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 94(5): 570-579, maio 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-548113

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A prevalência de depressão em portadores de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é alta. A escala de depressão geriátrica (EDG) é um instrumento amplamente usado para rastrear a depressão em idosos. No Brasil, as propriedades psicométricas da versão curta ainda não foram adequadamente exploradas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão curta da EDG em portadores de DAC em ambulatório de cardiologia. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que avaliou 209 idosos (≥ 65 anos) com DAC utilizando a EDG-15, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS), Brazilian OARS Multidimensional Function Assessment Questionnaire (BOMFAQ) e The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX). A consistência interna da EDG-15 foi calculada pelo KR-20. Uma análise fatorial dessa escala foi conduzida. Escores da EDG-15 foram comparados com os diagnósticos de depressão (DSM-IV) para a validade de critérios. Na análise de validade concorrente, os mesmos escores foram correlacionados com os das escalas de depressão CAMDEX, Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) e BOMFAQ. RESULTADOS: A depressão clínica foi diagnosticada em 35,71 por cento da amostra avaliada de acordo com o DSM-IV. Para o diagnóstico de depressão maior ou distimia, o ponto de corte 5/6 apresentou acurácia moderada (AUROC = 0,84), sensibilidade de 79,92 por cento e especificidade de 78,29 por cento. A consistência interna foi de 0,80. Na análise fatorial, três fatores obtidos explicaram 52,72 por cento da variância total observada. Os escores da EDG-15 correlacionaram-se com os da escala de depressão CAMDEX. CONCLUSÃO: No geral, a EDG-15 apresentou boa confiabilidade e validade (concorrente e de critério). Em settings cardiológicos, seu uso pode auxiliar no rastreamento de quadros depressivos de forma simples e rápida.


BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) is high. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a broadly used tool to screen for depression in elderly individuals. In Brazil, the psychometric properties of the short version have not been adequately assessed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the short version of the GDS in patients with CAD treated at a Cardiology Outpatient Clinic. METHODS: The present is a cross-sectional study that assessed 209 elderly individuals (≥ 65 years) with CAD using the GDS-15, the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G), the Brazilian OARS Multidimensional Function Assessment Questionnaire (BOMFAQ) and The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX). The internal consistency of the GDS-15 was calculated through the KR-20. A factorial analysis of this scale was carried out. The GDS-15 scores were compared with the diagnoses of depression (DSM-IV) for the validity of criteria. At the analysis of concurrent validity, the same scores were correlated with those of the CAMDEX, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) and BOMFAQ depression scales. RESULTS: Clinical depression was diagnosed in 35.71 percent of the sample assessed according to the DSM-IV. For the diagnosis of major depression or dystimia, the cutoff 5/6 presented moderate accuracy (AUROC = 0.84), sensitivity of 79.92 percent and specificity of 78.29 percent. The internal consistency was 0.80. At the factorial analysis, three obtained factors explained 52.72 percent of the total variance that was observed. The GDS-15 scores correlated with those of the CAMDEX depression scale. CONCLUSION: In general, the GDS-15 presented good reliability and validity (concurrent and of criterion). In cardiologic settings, its use, which is simple and fast, can be utilized in the screening for depression.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Coronary Artery Disease/psychology , Depression/diagnosis , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Depression/psychology , Epidemiologic Methods
5.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 94(5): 570-9, 2010 May.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20428716

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) is high. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a broadly used tool to screen for depression in elderly individuals. In Brazil, the psychometric properties of the short version have not been adequately assessed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the short version of the GDS in patients with CAD treated at a Cardiology Outpatient Clinic. METHODS: The present is a cross-sectional study that assessed 209 elderly individuals (> or = 65 years) with CAD using the GDS-15, the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G), the Brazilian OARS Multidimensional Function Assessment Questionnaire (BOMFAQ) and The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX). The internal consistency of the GDS-15 was calculated through the KR-20. A factorial analysis of this scale was carried out. The GDS-15 scores were compared with the diagnoses of depression (DSM-IV) for the validity of criteria. At the analysis of concurrent validity, the same scores were correlated with those of the CAMDEX, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) and BOMFAQ depression scales. RESULTS: Clinical depression was diagnosed in 35.71% of the sample assessed according to the DSM-IV. For the diagnosis of major depression or dystimia, the cutoff 5/6 presented moderate accuracy (AUROC = 0.84), sensitivity of 79.92% and specificity of 78.29%. The internal consistency was 0.80. At the factorial analysis, three obtained factors explained 52.72% of the total variance that was observed. The GDS-15 scores correlated with those of the CAMDEX depression scale. CONCLUSION: In general, the GDS-15 presented good reliability and validity (concurrent and of criterion). In cardiologic settings, its use, which is simple and fast, can be utilized in the screening for depression.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/psychology , Depression/diagnosis , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Aged , Depression/psychology , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male
6.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 34(1): 05-12, jan.-mar. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-549391

ABSTRACT

A avaliação do raciocínio clínico em situações de incerteza é pouco pesquisada na educação médica. Os testes escritos mais aplicados são de múltipla escolha, capazes de avaliar como se lida com problemas bem definidos. Porém, a maioria das situações contém incertezas. Um método de avaliação do raciocínio clínico em contextos de incerteza foi desenvolvido a partir da teoria de scripts, com situações em geriatria. Um grupo de especialistas e um grupo de estudantes de graduação resolveram o teste. Acomparação entre os resultados trouxe indícios da validade do instrumento, capaz de diferenciar o raciocínio relacionado ao nível de experiência profissional. A média dos escores dos especialistas (80,41) foi superior à dos estudantes (70,71), p < 0,001. As análises de consistência interna e um estudo G forneceram resultados que estão de acordo com metodologias que buscam avaliar uma competência profissional. Concluiu-se que uma proposta de teste de concordância de scripts em língua portuguesa aplicado em uma instituição de ensino brasileira pode ser uma alternativa para a avaliação do raciocínio clínico em contextos de incerteza.


Little research has been done in Brazilian medical education on the evaluation of clinical reasoning in situations of uncertainty. The most common tests are still multiple-choice, which are capable of evaluating skills when dealing with well-defined problems. However, in practice the majority of situations involve uncertainties. A method for the evaluation of clinical reasoning in contexts of uncertainty was developed on the basis of the cognitive script theory in relation to professional reasoning. The objectives of the research were to develop, apply, and analyze this methodology in a Brazilian educational setting, based on clinical situations in Geriatrics that involved diagnostic, therapeutic, or ethical dilemmas. A group of specialists in this area and a group of undergraduate students that were completing their training in the Geriatrics internship took the test. Comparison of the results led to evidence of the instrument's validity, capable of distinguishing clinical reasoning according to the participants' level of experience. The mean score for the specialists (80,41) was higher than that of students (70,71) (p < 0,001). In addition, analyses of the internal consistency and a G study design furnished results that are consistent with a scoring system that seeks to evaluate a professional skill. In conclusion, a proposal for a script concordance test in the Portuguese language, applied in a Brazilian teaching institution, may be a viable alternative for evaluating clinical reasoning in contexts of uncertainty.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Educational Measurement , Professional Competence
7.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol ; 12(1): 123-140, jan.-maio 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-514976

ABSTRACT

Depressão geriátrica ocorre com frequência, mesmo na população residente na comunidade. Vários fatores de risco associados estão descritos na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a incidência de depressão geriátrica e os fatores de risco associados em idososresidentes na comunidade. Para este fim, realizou-se revisão bibliográficada literatura sobre o tema, sendo efetuada consulta às bases de dadosMEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS e SCIELO, utilizando-se das palavras chaves“idoso”, “fator de risco”, “depressão” e “incidência”. A incidência dedepressão na população idosa residente na comunidade é de 13,23%, emmédia. Os preditores de depressão identificados foram: sexo feminino, idade avançada, condição marital, baixa escolaridade, condição socioeconômicadesfavorável, condições de moradia, baixo suporte social, eventos estressores, depressão prévia, co-morbidades psiquiátricas, características de personalidade,distúrbios do sono, déficits cognitivos, condições de saúde adversas,limitação funcional e dor. Depressão ocorre com frequência na populaçãoidosa e constitui problema grave. A identificação dos fatores de risco associados com sua incidência pode ajudar os profissionais que atuam na área a diagnosticar e propor intervenções mais precoces e adequadas.


Depression in late life is a common psychiatric disorder among elderlycommunity residents. Several risk factors have been described in literature. This study aimed to review the literature on the incidence of old agedepression among community residents and the risk factors associated. Aliterature search was conducted in MEDLINE, LILACS and SCIELOdatabases using the following key words: “elderly”, “risk factors”,“depression”, and “incidence”. The incidence of late life depression in elderly people living in community varied from 5.4 to 24.1 % (median: 12,0; interquartil range: 12,5) . The main predictors of depressive disorders and depressive symptoms cases were: female sex, advanced age, marital condition, low educational status, socio-economic deprivation, living condition, low social support, life events, previous depression, psychiatry comorbidity,personality characteristics, sleep disorders, cognitive impairments, poorhealth conditions, functional limitations and pain. Depression is a commoncondition among community-living elderly people and it is considered aserious issue. The identification of factors associated with the incidence ofdepression may help health professionals to offer early diagnosis and more accurate therapeutic intervention.

8.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 48(6): 335-341, nov.-dez. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-506656

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a tradução e a adaptação e estudar as propriedades das medidas: reprodutibilidade, validade e consistência interna do índice Manchester de incapacidade associada ao pé doloroso no idoso (MFPDI) para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODOS: O MFPDI foi traduzido e adaptado culturalmente para uma população de idosos, residentes na cidade de São Paulo. Foram avaliados 85 pacientes ambulatoriais com idade de 60 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, que apresentavam dor nos pés de 30 mm ou mais na escala analógica visual de dor (EVA). Os pacientes foram submetidos ao MFPDI por três vezes, visto que na primeira vez cada paciente foi avaliado pelos entrevistadores 1 e 2 no mesmo dia, e no período máximo de 15 dias cada paciente foi, novamente, avaliado pelo entrevistador 1 para realizar a fase de reprodutibilidade. Para verificar a validade, foram colhidas medidas sociodemográficas, morfológicas e valores da escala analógica visual. E para a consistência interna foi aplicado o alfa de Cronbach, a fim de verificar a confiabilidade das respostas nas três entrevistas. RESULTADOS: Ao utilizar o processo metodológico, foi possível observar que a população ambulatorial entrevistada apresentou incapacidade funcional associada ao pé doloroso. A consistência interna foi alta (alfa de Cronbach = 0,80) entre as entrevistas. A validade foi obtida comparando-se o MFPDI com a EVA, sendo possível observar que, apesar de baixa, a correlação foi significante (p < 0,001). CONLUSÃO: Com o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do MFPDI demonstraram-se as propriedades de medida de reprodutibilidade, validade e consistência interna.


OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to translate into Portuguese, make adaptations, and study the reproducibility, validation and internal consistency of the parameters of the "Manchester Foot-Pain Disability Index". METHODS: The MFPDI was translated and culturally adapted in a population of eighty-five (85) elderly people, living in the city of São Paulo, seen at the outpatient clinics of the .Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia of the Escola Paulista de Medicina. The patients had at least 60 years-old, of either sex, displaying foot pain of at least 30 mm on a visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were evaluated by 3 times by the MFPDI, in such a way that on the first time each patient was evaluated by the interviewers 1 and 2 at the same day; to assess reproducibility, within the next 15 days each patient was evaluated again by the interviewer 1. Validation was verified by checking for social and demographic data, as well as morphological and VAS values. Internal consistency was checked by means of the Cronbach alpha, assessing reproducibility of the answers in the three interviews. RESULTS: The MFPDI index demonstrated that this population presented functional inability associated to foot pain. The internal consistency between interviews was high (Alpha of Cronbach = 0.80). Though presenting a weak correlation, there was a significant validity comparing MFPDI and the VAS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The translation and cultural adaptation of the MFPDI provide a reproducible, consistent and valuable tool to evaluate foot pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Foot , Pain , Pain Measurement , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 4(4): 321-326, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-445374

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em idosos com doença arterial coronária e comparar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas entre deprimidos e não deprimidos, e investigar a presença de eventos estressores no grupo de deprimidos. Estudo prospectivo de corte transversal que analisou 80 pacientes idosos coronariopatas, por meio dos instrumentos: Escala de Depressão em Geriatria e entrevista; ecocardiografia (fração de ejeção); Classificação funcional da New York Heart Association e Classificação Funcional da Canadian Cardiovascular Society. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio dos testes t de Student, qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney. A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi de 31%. Os pacientes deprimidos eram mais jovens que os não deprimidos(média: 75,5 e 79,3 anos, p = 0,019, respectivamente). Não houve diferença entre os grupos de deprimidos e não deprimidos em relação às variáveis sociodemográficas, sexo, escolaridade e renda; e nem em relação às variáveis clínicas (infarto prévio, função cardíaca, gravidade dos sintomas da insuficiência cardíaca e angina). Os principais eventos estressores relatados foram os psicossociais (56%), dentre esses, “problemas relacionados como grupo primário de apoio” foi o estressor predominante (92,8%).Estressores físicos foram relatados em apenas 46% dos casos, sendo mais freqüentes os estressores não relacionados a doença cardíaca. Conclusão: A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi alta nesse grupo de pacientes, a avaliação objetiva da função cardíaca não esteve associada com o quadro depressivo. Por outro lado, na percepção dos pacientes deprimidos avaliados, a depressão esteve relacionada com maior freqüência aos estressores psicossociais,com ênfase nos problemas relacionados com o grupo primário de suporte. Idosos deprimidos apresentam um risco aumentado de morbimortalidade.


Subject(s)
Aged , Arteriosclerosis , Depression , Life Change Events , Stress, Physiological
10.
Obes Res ; 10(11): 1127-34, 2002 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12429876

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine binge-eating disorder (BED) and its association with obesity, weight patterns, and psychopathology in a Brazilian sample of female participants of a weight-loss program in São Paulo, Brazil. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Two hundred and seventeen overweight (body mass index >/= 25 kg/m(2)) women, ages 15 to 59 years, enrolled in the Weight Watchers Program were recruited for the study at a program branch meeting after completing the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. Participants were categorized into four groups: those who met questionnaire criteria for BED, those who met questionnaire criteria for bulimia nervosa (BN), those that reported binge eating but did not meet all the criteria for any eating disorder (BE), and those with no eating disorder symptoms (No ED). Groups were compared on measures of weight, depressive symptoms, and alexithymia. RESULTS: Binge eating was frequently reported by women in this study (BED, 16.1%; BN, 4.6%; BE, 22.6%). BED women had significantly higher body mass index, greater highest weight ever, and more frequent weight cycling than the No ED group. BED women also reported more depressive symptoms than BE and No ED women, and were more alexithymic than the No ED group. BE women presented more frequent weigh cycling and were also more depressed and alexithymic than the No ED group. DISCUSSION: BED is not uncommon in overweight Brazilian women, and similar to North American and European samples, it is associated with overweight and higher levels of psychopathology in this population.


Subject(s)
Bulimia/epidemiology , Weight Loss , Adolescent , Adult , Body Mass Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Bulimia/diagnosis , Bulimia/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Diet, Reducing , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
Rev. psiquiatr. clín. (São Paulo) ; 26(2): 102-5, mar.-abr. 1999.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-240770

ABSTRACT

Uma serie de instrumentos padronizados de avaliacao diagnostica foram propostos e vem sendo utilizados em pesquisa clinica nos ultimos 30 anos. Particularmente relacionados a avaliacao de sintomas ou sindromes psiquiatricas, baseiam-se nos criterios e categorias diagnosticas de sistemas de classificacao psiquiatrica. Ressaltam-se aqui as resistencias e limitacoes que encontram para serem mais amplamente utilizados na clinica psiquiatrica, bem como aspectos relacionados a sua utilidade como recursos adicionais ao diagnostico multidimensional do paciente psiquiatrico


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Evaluation Study
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